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In 1992, a paper titled “A fair result in foul weather” was presented at the Royal Statistical Society. This was in response to the rather farcical ending of sports semi final match.
The method introduced the concept of ‘resources’ in making score estimations for truncated games – X & Y. Simply put, a team with more X & Y would have a higher scoring potential.
Give me the Sport, the Method and X & Y. 5 points for each.

Show Answer
The sport is Cricket, Duckworth-Lewis Method, X - number of overs (balls) yet to be bowled, Y - number of wickets in hand The DL method converts all possible combinations of balls and wickets in hand to a combined “resources remaining” figure, which is expressed in percentage — full 50 overs, and 10 wickets in hand means 100% resources available.
Take a look at the table of Published Score for each combination of wickets & overs left.

[98]

The Scientific Revolution is commonly regarded to have been in full swing at the turn of the 17th century, and it was right around this time that a German scientist came up with a quick and easy (for the time, at least) nomenclature system for his particular field of study. This system, named after the scientist himself, originally consisted of a lowercase Greek or Latin letter that (loosely) pinpointed a particular attribute, coupled with a specific set of Latin words that worked to swiftly assign names to what he was working on.

The system has since been tweaked and expanded by other scientists building off of his work, but is still very much recognizable and in use today.

What is this naming system called, and what does it classify?

(Bonus: In an interesting overlap, one of the subjects of study under this classification indirectly inspired the name of a former Formula 1 team.)

Show Answer
Bayer designation, named after astronomer Johann Bayer. The initial letter represents the star's brightness, followed by the genitive Latin name of the constellation the star is in.

Aldebaran is the brightest star in the constellation Taurus, and its Bayer designation is therefore α-Tauri - which inspired Scuderia AlphaTauri.