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What popular diet gets name from the Greek word for “old Stone Age” as it is based on the foods presumed to be available during the Stone Age?

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Paleo diet
A modern paleo diet includes fruits, vegetables, lean meats, fish, eggs, nuts and seeds. These are foods that in the past people could get by hunting and gathering. It doesn't include foods that became more common when small-scale farming began about 10,000 years ago. These foods include grains, legumes and dairy products.
But do note there are no long-term clinical studies about the benefits and potential risks of the diet.
Read about the Paleo Diet in more detail.