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This term has been in use in Greek since Herodotus (4th Century BCE). From there it entered English via Latin. It appeared in Old English as early as 9th Century and re-emerged in the 17th Century.
Tianzhu or Tenjiku was used in Chinese and Japanese to refer to the same thing.
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India
The name derives ultimately from Sanskrit Sindhu, which was the name of the Indus River. The terms Indos for the Indus river as well as "an Indian" are found in Herodotus's Geography.

Read about all the old names of India